Fuel injectors (Freelander 2)

Pos.	Spare part number	Name
1	-	High pressure fuel supply from the fuel rail
2	-	Low pressure fuel return to filter
3	-	Electrical connection to ECM
4	-	10-digit injector code

These four fuel injectors are piezoelectric type, with 7 holes in the spray nozzle. The injectors are located centrally in the combustion chambers of the cylinder head and serve to spray fuel directly onto the toroidal piston crown.

Technical information

Working parameter	Meaning
Supply voltage 110 - 150 V	230 - 1,600 bar
Resistance	180 kOhm at 20°C
Minimum charging time	100 µs
Minimum unloading time	100 µs
Spray diameter	143 microns
Maximum performance	11 cm³/sec

During manufacturing, each injector is tested to measure the actual amount of fuel injected against a reference value for simulated conditions. The tests are used to classify the injectors, the difference in injection analysis results is converted into a 10-digit alphanumeric code that is stamped on the injector body.

The 10-digit codes are stored in the ECM memory along with the corresponding cylinder numbers for each injector and software tables with engine characteristics. The ECM recognizes the 10-digit code for each injector and adapts the operation of each injector to provide similar injection pressure values and fuel quantities for the current operating conditions in accordance with the software characteristic tables.



The injector body contains a set of piezoelectric crystals mounted above the control piston. The piezo crystals are activated by applying power from the ECM. The control piston is separated by a hydraulic chamber that acts to activate the needle valve via the domed piston and control passages. The hydraulic chamber compensates for temperature changes in the injector and also allows the injector to operate with a constant response time, even after numerous operating cycles.

The hydraulic chamber eliminates the need for this type of injector to have moving parts in contact. In other types of injectors, these contact parts would wear out, increasing the reaction time of the injector and subsequently affecting the dynamic characteristics and toxicity of the engine exhaust.

On the vehicle, the hydraulic chamber is supported by a check valve rated for 10 bar and located in the injector bypass line connection.

Due to the use of Bosch 3rd generation technology and a hydraulic chamber, the injectors will operate with approximately instantaneous response times to ECM commands. This provides a finer atomization of the injected fuel and allows the ECM to precisely control the injector activation period. Under certain operating conditions, each injector is capable of delivering a sequence of up to 5 injections in one injection cycle. The sequence of an injection cycle of 5 individual events is as follows:

• Two pre-injections at up to 3,200 rpm
• Single injection control at up to 4,500 rpm
• One main injection at a frequency above 4,500 rpm
• Two subsequent injections during the DPF regeneration phase (no load)

The pilot injection phase is implemented before the injection of the main fuel charge to ensure a stable flame front and create a gradual increase in cylinder pressure. The pilot injection phase reduces the delay between fuel injection and combustion, allowing the remaining amount of fuel to be injected when combustion occurs. This injection principle provides increased power, improved NVH characteristics and reduced exhaust toxicity.



In models equipped with a diesel particulate filter, the high-pressure fuel system also provides post-injection of fuel into the combustion chambers. During the DPF regeneration phase, the ECM allows fuel to be injected after the combustion stroke and at the beginning of the exhaust stroke. This post-injection process ensures combustion of the fuel in the exhaust system and creates the high exhaust gas temperature required for DPF regeneration.

For additional information, refer to the chapter: Electronic Engine Controls - 2.2L Diesel (303-14 Electronic Engine Controls - 2.2L Diesel, Description and Operation) / Exhaust System (309-00B Exhaust System - 2.2L Duratorq - Td4, Description and Operation).

Injector Maintenance Information

CAUTION: This type of nozzle contains a hydraulic chamber. It is important to handle the nozzles correctly to prevent the hydraulic chamber from emptying. The nozzle should be capped and maintained in an upright position. The nozzle should not be laid on its side or shaken.

Do not attempt to remove carbon deposits from the diesel injector nozzle.

The nozzle is supplied as a single unit. The original nozzle should not be disassembled.

NOTE: The TD4 engine cylinders are numbered starting from the rear of the engine (transmission side). Therefore, cylinder #1 and injector #1 are located at the rear of the engine.

Each time an injector is removed from the cylinder head, a new copper washer should be installed and the old washer should be discarded. The injector centering ring can be reused.

If the injector is removed, it should be returned to the cylinder it was removed from when installed, in which case it does not require reprogramming in the ECM.

If an injector is replaced, the ECM must be programmed with the new injector's 10-digit code and corresponding cylinder number using the Land Rover approved diagnostic system.

If the ECM is replaced, the new ECM must be programmed with the 10-digit codes for all four injectors and the corresponding cylinder numbers using the Land Rover approved diagnostic system.