CMP sensor (camshaft position)
CMP sensor (camshaft position) is a magnetoelectric sensor located in the front of the engine in the valve cover above cylinder number 4.
CMP sensor (camshaft position) generates one pulse for every two revolutions of the engine crankshaft. The sensor pulses are generated by a magnetic element on the left camshaft.
ECT sensor (coolant temperature)
ECT sensor (coolant temperature) is a sensor with NTC (negative temperature coefficient) . As the coolant temperature increases, the resistance of the sensor drops.
The sensor is located at the front of the engine, behind and below the throttle body.
When the sensor fails, the ECM (the engine control unit) uses the oil temperature sensor signal as a back-up coolant temperature signal.
Engine oil temperature sensor
The engine oil temperature is monitored by a sensor installed in the oil pan. The sensor operates in the range from -40 to 150 degrees. Celsius.
MAF sensor (mass air flow) / IAT (intake air temperature)
MAF sensor (mass air flow) / IAT (intake air temperature) located in the air duct between the air filter and the throttle body.
The mass air flow is determined by the intensity of cooling by the incoming air of the heated film sensitive element located in the sensor. The higher the air flow, the more intensively the sensing element is cooled and the lower its electrical resistance. Sensor signal processed by ECM (the engine control unit) , resulting in the calculation of the mass air flow inside the engine.
The measured air mass flow makes it possible to determine the amount of fuel injected to maintain the stoichiometric composition of the working mixture, which is necessary for the correct operation of the engine and catalytic converters. In the event of a sensor failure, backup software is provided.
IAT sensor (intake air temperature) built into the mass air flow sensor. It is a thermistor (thermistor), that is, the resistance of the sensor varies with temperature. Thermistor is an NTC element (negative temperature coefficient) , that is, its resistance decreases with increasing temperature. The sensor is part of a voltage divider circuit with additional resistance located in the ECM (the engine control unit) . Voltage drop in this circuit as measured by the ECM (the engine control unit) , changes with a change in the resistance of the sensor, which corresponds to a change in temperature.
By default, the air temperature is set to 35°C.
MAP sensor (manifold absolute pressure)
MAP sensor (manifold absolute pressure) generates a voltage proportional to the absolute pressure in the intake manifold.
This signal is used by the ECM (the engine control unit) when calculating the engine load.
The sensor is mounted in the EGR valve (exhaust gas recirculation) on the left front side of the engine.
Differential Pressure/Manifold Absolute Pressure Electronic Feedback Sensor (DPFE/MAP (manifold absolute pressure))
The pressure sensor monitors the pressure difference across the diaphragm in the channel of the EGR system (exhaust gas recirculation) and sends this data to the ECM (the engine control unit) . The differential pressure measured across the orifice is used to estimate the EGR flow rate. Electronic vacuum regulator (EVR) regulates the vacuum signal acting on the EGR valve (exhaust gas recirculation) , based on the electrical signal from the ECM (the engine control unit) . ECM (the engine control unit) controls the EGR level (exhaust gas recirculation), using the feedback signal from the DPFE/MAP sensor (manifold absolute pressure) . As a result, a closed control system is formed.
Exhaust gas Recirculation valve (EGR)
EGR valve (exhaust gas recirculation) is a PWM controlled valve (pulse width modulation) -signals and ensuring the return of exhaust gases back to the engine. Since the exhaust gases contain very little free oxygen, they are practically inert. The exhaust gases replace the air in the combustion chamber, which lowers the combustion temperature. Reducing the combustion temperature leads to a decrease in the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx).
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